diff --git a/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/credential-adapters/oauth.test.ts b/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/credential-adapters/oauth.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae0b707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/credential-adapters/oauth.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, vi } from "vitest";
+import { oauthCredentialAdapter } from "./oauth.ts";
+import {
+  NeedsRelinkError,
+  type OAuthCredentials,
+  type ProviderOAuthConfig,
+} from "../types.ts";
+
+const config: ProviderOAuthConfig = {
+  tokenUrl: "https://example.test/oauth/token",
+  clientId: "cid",
+  clientSecret: "secret",
+  revokeUrl: "https://example.test/v1/permissions",
+};
+
+const fetchSpy = vi.fn();
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  fetchSpy.mockReset();
+  globalThis.fetch = fetchSpy as unknown as typeof fetch;
+});
+
+describe("oauthCredentialAdapter.isExpired", () => {
+  it("returns true when expires_at is in the past", () => {
+    const creds: OAuthCredentials = {
+      access_token: "a",
+      refresh_token: "r",
+      expires_at: new Date(Date.now() - 1000).toISOString(),
+    };
+    expect(oauthCredentialAdapter.isExpired(creds)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns true within the refresh skew window (60s)", () => {
+    const creds: OAuthCredentials = {
+      access_token: "a",
+      refresh_token: "r",
+      expires_at: new Date(Date.now() + 30_000).toISOString(),
+    };
+    expect(oauthCredentialAdapter.isExpired(creds)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false when expires_at is comfortably in the future", () => {
+    const creds: OAuthCredentials = {
+      access_token: "a",
+      refresh_token: "r",
+      expires_at: new Date(Date.now() + 3600_000).toISOString(),
+    };
+    expect(oauthCredentialAdapter.isExpired(creds)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("oauthCredentialAdapter.refresh", () => {
+  const stale: OAuthCredentials = {
+    access_token: "old",
+    refresh_token: "rt",
+    expires_at: new Date(Date.now() - 1000).toISOString(),
+  };
+
+  it("posts refresh_token grant and returns new credentials", async () => {
+    fetchSpy.mockResolvedValue(
+      new Response(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          access_token: "new-access",
+          refresh_token: "new-refresh",
+          expires_in: 3600,
+        }),
+        { status: 200, headers: { "content-type": "application/json" } },
+      ),
+    );
+
+    const fresh = await oauthCredentialAdapter.refresh(stale, config);
+
+    expect(fetchSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    const [url, init] = fetchSpy.mock.calls[0]!;
+    expect(url).toBe(config.tokenUrl);
+    expect((init as RequestInit).method).toBe("POST");
+    const body = (init as RequestInit).body as string;
+    expect(body).toContain("grant_type=refresh_token");
+    expect(body).toContain("refresh_token=rt");
+    expect(body).toContain("client_id=cid");
+    expect(fresh.access_token).toBe("new-access");
+    expect(fresh.refresh_token).toBe("new-refresh");
+    expect(new Date(fresh.expires_at).getTime()).toBeGreaterThan(Date.now() + 3500_000);
+  });
+
+  it("retains the original refresh_token when the response omits one", async () => {
+    fetchSpy.mockResolvedValue(
+      new Response(
+        JSON.stringify({ access_token: "new-access", expires_in: 3600 }),
+        { status: 200 },
+      ),
+    );
+    const fresh = await oauthCredentialAdapter.refresh(stale, config);
+    expect(fresh.refresh_token).toBe("rt");
+  });
+
+  it("throws NeedsRelinkError on 4xx (revoked refresh token)", async () => {
+    fetchSpy.mockResolvedValue(new Response("invalid_grant", { status: 400 }));
+    await expect(oauthCredentialAdapter.refresh(stale, config)).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(
+      NeedsRelinkError,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("throws a regular Error on 5xx (transient)", async () => {
+    fetchSpy.mockResolvedValue(new Response("server error", { status: 503 }));
+    await expect(oauthCredentialAdapter.refresh(stale, config)).rejects.not.toBeInstanceOf(
+      NeedsRelinkError,
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe("oauthCredentialAdapter.revoke", () => {
+  const creds: OAuthCredentials = {
+    access_token: "a",
+    refresh_token: "r",
+    expires_at: new Date().toISOString(),
+  };
+
+  it("DELETEs the revoke URL with the access token", async () => {
+    fetchSpy.mockResolvedValue(new Response(null, { status: 204 }));
+    await oauthCredentialAdapter.revoke!(creds, config);
+    const [url, init] = fetchSpy.mock.calls[0]!;
+    expect(url).toBe(config.revokeUrl);
+    expect((init as RequestInit).method).toBe("DELETE");
+    expect(((init as RequestInit).headers as Record<string, string>).Authorization).toBe(
+      "Bearer a",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("swallows network errors silently", async () => {
+    fetchSpy.mockRejectedValue(new Error("network down"));
+    await expect(oauthCredentialAdapter.revoke!(creds, config)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it("is a no-op when no revokeUrl is configured", async () => {
+    await oauthCredentialAdapter.revoke!(creds, { ...config, revokeUrl: undefined });
+    expect(fetchSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/credential-adapters/oauth.ts b/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/credential-adapters/oauth.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28e8aea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/credential-adapters/oauth.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// OAuth2 CredentialAdapter. Implements the standard refresh_token + revoke
+// flow against any provider whose token endpoint follows the OAuth2 RFC.
+//
+// Provider-specific URLs and client credentials come from the provider's
+// manifest via ProviderOAuthConfig — Wahoo, future Strava/Garmin/Coros
+// share this adapter and supply their own endpoints.
+//
+// The adapter does not write to the database; it returns refreshed
+// credentials for ConnectedServiceManager to persist.
+
+import {
+  NeedsRelinkError,
+  type CredentialAdapter,
+  type OAuthCredentials,
+  type ProviderOAuthConfig,
+} from "../types.ts";
+
+// Refresh credentials slightly before they actually expire so a token in
+// the middle of a long-running operation doesn't tip over mid-request.
+const REFRESH_SKEW_MS = 60_000;
+
+function parseExpiresAt(iso: string): Date {
+  const d = new Date(iso);
+  if (isNaN(d.getTime())) {
+    throw new Error(`OAuth credentials have invalid expires_at: ${iso}`);
+  }
+  return d;
+}
+
+export const oauthCredentialAdapter: CredentialAdapter<OAuthCredentials> = {
+  isExpired(creds) {
+    return parseExpiresAt(creds.expires_at).getTime() - Date.now() < REFRESH_SKEW_MS;
+  },
+
+  async refresh(creds, providerConfig): Promise<OAuthCredentials> {
+    const resp = await fetch(providerConfig.tokenUrl, {
+      method: "POST",
+      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" },
+      body: new URLSearchParams({
+        client_id: providerConfig.clientId,
+        client_secret: providerConfig.clientSecret,
+        grant_type: "refresh_token",
+        refresh_token: creds.refresh_token,
+      }).toString(),
+    });
+
+    if (!resp.ok) {
+      const text = await resp.text().catch(() => "");
+      // 4xx on refresh = revoked / invalidated refresh token. Caller must re-link.
+      // 5xx = transient; surface as a regular Error so caller can retry the operation.
+      if (resp.status >= 400 && resp.status < 500) {
+        throw new NeedsRelinkError(
+          `OAuth refresh rejected (${resp.status}): ${text || "no body"}`,
+        );
+      }
+      throw new Error(`OAuth refresh failed (${resp.status}): ${text}`);
+    }
+
+    const data = (await resp.json()) as {
+      access_token: string;
+      refresh_token?: string;
+      expires_in: number;
+    };
+
+    return {
+      access_token: data.access_token,
+      // Some providers omit refresh_token on refresh (it stays the same).
+      refresh_token: data.refresh_token ?? creds.refresh_token,
+      expires_at: new Date(Date.now() + data.expires_in * 1000).toISOString(),
+    };
+  },
+
+  async revoke(creds, providerConfig) {
+    if (!providerConfig.revokeUrl) return;
+    // Best-effort. Caller deletes the local row regardless of outcome.
+    await fetch(providerConfig.revokeUrl, {
+      method: "DELETE",
+      headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${creds.access_token}` },
+    }).catch(() => {
+      // Swallow — local unlink proceeds.
+    });
+  },
+};
diff --git a/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/manager.test.ts b/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/manager.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8e8d28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/manager.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from "vitest";
+import {
+  ConnectionNotActiveError,
+  NeedsRelinkError,
+  type CredentialAdapter,
+  type OAuthCredentials,
+  type ProviderOAuthConfig,
+} from "./types.ts";
+import type { ProviderManifest } from "./registry.ts";
+
+// ---- DB mock ----
+type Row = {
+  id: string;
+  userId: string;
+  provider: string;
+  credentialKind: string;
+  credentials: unknown;
+  status: string;
+  providerUserId: string | null;
+  grantedScopes: string[];
+  createdAt: Date;
+};
+
+const rows: Row[] = [];
+
+const mockDb = {
+  select: () => ({
+    from: () => ({
+      where: () => Promise.resolve(rows.slice()),
+    }),
+  }),
+  insert: () => ({
+    values: (v: Row) => {
+      rows.push(v);
+      return Promise.resolve();
+    },
+  }),
+  update: () => ({
+    set: (patch: Partial<Row>) => ({
+      where: (cond: unknown) => {
+        // The cond from drizzle is opaque to us; in this test we always
+        // patch the most recently-inserted row.
+        void cond;
+        const row = rows[rows.length - 1];
+        if (row) Object.assign(row, patch);
+        return Promise.resolve();
+      },
+    }),
+  }),
+  delete: () => ({
+    where: () => {
+      rows.length = 0;
+      return Promise.resolve();
+    },
+  }),
+};
+
+vi.mock("../db.ts", () => ({ getDb: () => mockDb }));
+
+// ---- Manifest / adapter stubs ----
+const refreshSpy = vi.fn();
+const revokeSpy = vi.fn();
+const isExpiredSpy = vi.fn();
+
+const stubAdapter: CredentialAdapter<OAuthCredentials> = {
+  isExpired: (creds) => isExpiredSpy(creds),
+  refresh: (creds, cfg) => refreshSpy(creds, cfg),
+  revoke: (creds, cfg) => revokeSpy(creds, cfg),
+};
+
+const stubOauthConfig: ProviderOAuthConfig = {
+  tokenUrl: "https://example.test/oauth/token",
+  clientId: "cid",
+  clientSecret: "secret",
+  revokeUrl: "https://example.test/v1/permissions",
+};
+
+const stubManifest: ProviderManifest = {
+  id: "stub",
+  displayName: "Stub",
+  credentialKind: "oauth",
+  credentialAdapter: stubAdapter as CredentialAdapter,
+  oauthConfig: stubOauthConfig,
+};
+
+vi.mock("./registry.ts", async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import("./registry.ts")>("./registry.ts");
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    getManifest: (id: string) => (id === "stub" ? stubManifest : null),
+  };
+});
+
+// Import after mocks are wired.
+const {
+  link,
+  unlink,
+  unlinkByUserProvider,
+  markNeedsRelink,
+  withFreshCredentials,
+  getService,
+} = await import("./manager.ts");
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  rows.length = 0;
+  refreshSpy.mockReset();
+  revokeSpy.mockReset();
+  isExpiredSpy.mockReset();
+});
+
+describe("ConnectedServiceManager.link", () => {
+  it("inserts a row with the active status and supplied fields", async () => {
+    const svc = await link({
+      userId: "u1",
+      provider: "stub",
+      credentialKind: "oauth",
+      credentials: { access_token: "a", refresh_token: "r", expires_at: new Date().toISOString() },
+      providerUserId: "pu1",
+      grantedScopes: ["read"],
+    });
+    expect(svc.userId).toBe("u1");
+    expect(svc.provider).toBe("stub");
+    expect(svc.status).toBe("active");
+    expect(svc.grantedScopes).toEqual(["read"]);
+    expect(rows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("ConnectedServiceManager.withFreshCredentials", () => {
+  const freshCreds: OAuthCredentials = {
+    access_token: "a",
+    refresh_token: "r",
+    expires_at: new Date(Date.now() + 3600_000).toISOString(),
+  };
+
+  async function seed(status: "active" | "needs_relink" | "revoked" = "active") {
+    await link({
+      userId: "u1",
+      provider: "stub",
+      credentialKind: "oauth",
+      credentials: freshCreds,
+    });
+    if (status !== "active") rows[0]!.status = status;
+    return rows[0]!.id;
+  }
+
+  it("calls fn directly when credentials are not expired", async () => {
+    const id = await seed();
+    isExpiredSpy.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+    const result = await withFreshCredentials(id, async (creds) => {
+      expect(creds).toEqual(freshCreds);
+      return "ok";
+    });
+
+    expect(result).toBe("ok");
+    expect(refreshSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("refreshes credentials and persists new blob when expired", async () => {
+    const id = await seed();
+    isExpiredSpy.mockReturnValue(true);
+    const newCreds: OAuthCredentials = {
+      access_token: "a2",
+      refresh_token: "r2",
+      expires_at: new Date(Date.now() + 7200_000).toISOString(),
+    };
+    refreshSpy.mockResolvedValue(newCreds);
+
+    const got = await withFreshCredentials(id, async (creds) => creds as OAuthCredentials);
+
+    expect(refreshSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(freshCreds, stubOauthConfig);
+    expect(got).toEqual(newCreds);
+    expect(rows[0]!.credentials).toEqual(newCreds);
+  });
+
+  it("flips status to needs_relink and re-throws when refresh raises NeedsRelinkError", async () => {
+    const id = await seed();
+    isExpiredSpy.mockReturnValue(true);
+    refreshSpy.mockRejectedValue(new NeedsRelinkError("revoked"));
+
+    await expect(
+      withFreshCredentials(id, async () => "never"),
+    ).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(NeedsRelinkError);
+    expect(rows[0]!.status).toBe("needs_relink");
+  });
+
+  it("rejects with ConnectionNotActiveError when status is not active", async () => {
+    const id = await seed("needs_relink");
+    isExpiredSpy.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+    await expect(
+      withFreshCredentials(id, async () => "never"),
+    ).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(ConnectionNotActiveError);
+    expect(refreshSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("ConnectedServiceManager.markNeedsRelink", () => {
+  it("flips the row's status", async () => {
+    await link({
+      userId: "u1",
+      provider: "stub",
+      credentialKind: "oauth",
+      credentials: { access_token: "a", refresh_token: "r", expires_at: new Date().toISOString() },
+    });
+    await markNeedsRelink(rows[0]!.id, "test");
+    expect(rows[0]!.status).toBe("needs_relink");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("ConnectedServiceManager.unlink", () => {
+  it("calls the credential adapter's revoke before deletion", async () => {
+    await link({
+      userId: "u1",
+      provider: "stub",
+      credentialKind: "oauth",
+      credentials: { access_token: "a", refresh_token: "r", expires_at: new Date().toISOString() },
+    });
+    revokeSpy.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    await unlink(rows[0]?.id ?? "missing");
+    expect(revokeSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("swallows revoke failures and still deletes locally", async () => {
+    await link({
+      userId: "u1",
+      provider: "stub",
+      credentialKind: "oauth",
+      credentials: { access_token: "a", refresh_token: "r", expires_at: new Date().toISOString() },
+    });
+    const id = rows[0]!.id;
+    revokeSpy.mockRejectedValue(new Error("provider down"));
+    await expect(unlink(id)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+    expect(rows).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+});
+
+// Reference unused symbols to keep the linter happy under strict noUnused rules.
+void unlinkByUserProvider;
+void getService;
diff --git a/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/manager.ts b/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/manager.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..511e3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/manager.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+// ConnectedServiceManager — owns credential lifecycle for every provider.
+//
+// Importers, route pushers, and webhook handlers obtain credentials
+// EXCLUSIVELY through withFreshCredentials. They never read the
+// `credentials` JSONB blob directly.
+//
+// See docs/adr/0001-0003 and CONTEXT.md (Connected Services).
+
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import { eq, and } from "drizzle-orm";
+import { connectedServices } from "@trails-cool/db/schema/journal";
+import { getDb } from "../db.ts";
+import {
+  ConnectionNotActiveError,
+  NeedsRelinkError,
+  type ConnectedService,
+  type CredentialKind,
+  type Credentials,
+  type ConnectionStatus,
+} from "./types.ts";
+import { getManifest, type CapabilityContext } from "./registry.ts";
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Row mapping
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type Row = typeof connectedServices.$inferSelect;
+
+function toModel(row: Row): ConnectedService {
+  return {
+    id: row.id,
+    userId: row.userId,
+    provider: row.provider,
+    credentialKind: row.credentialKind as CredentialKind,
+    credentials: row.credentials as Credentials,
+    status: row.status as ConnectionStatus,
+    providerUserId: row.providerUserId,
+    grantedScopes: row.grantedScopes,
+    createdAt: row.createdAt,
+  };
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Lookups
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export async function getService(
+  userId: string,
+  provider: string,
+): Promise<ConnectedService | null> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  const [row] = await db
+    .select()
+    .from(connectedServices)
+    .where(
+      and(eq(connectedServices.userId, userId), eq(connectedServices.provider, provider)),
+    );
+  return row ? toModel(row) : null;
+}
+
+export async function getServiceById(
+  serviceId: string,
+): Promise<ConnectedService | null> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  const [row] = await db
+    .select()
+    .from(connectedServices)
+    .where(eq(connectedServices.id, serviceId));
+  return row ? toModel(row) : null;
+}
+
+export async function getServiceByProviderUser(
+  provider: string,
+  providerUserId: string,
+): Promise<ConnectedService | null> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  const [row] = await db
+    .select()
+    .from(connectedServices)
+    .where(
+      and(
+        eq(connectedServices.provider, provider),
+        eq(connectedServices.providerUserId, providerUserId),
+      ),
+    );
+  return row ? toModel(row) : null;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Mutation: link / unlink / status
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export interface LinkInput {
+  userId: string;
+  provider: string;
+  credentialKind: CredentialKind;
+  credentials: Credentials;
+  providerUserId?: string | null;
+  grantedScopes?: string[];
+}
+
+// Upsert the (user_id, provider) row with fresh credentials. The DB-level
+// unique constraint on (user_id, provider) guarantees at most one row per
+// pair; we delete-then-insert to keep the row id stable per link, which
+// also resets `created_at`.
+export async function link(input: LinkInput): Promise<ConnectedService> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  await db
+    .delete(connectedServices)
+    .where(
+      and(
+        eq(connectedServices.userId, input.userId),
+        eq(connectedServices.provider, input.provider),
+      ),
+    );
+  const id = randomUUID();
+  await db.insert(connectedServices).values({
+    id,
+    userId: input.userId,
+    provider: input.provider,
+    credentialKind: input.credentialKind,
+    credentials: input.credentials,
+    status: "active",
+    providerUserId: input.providerUserId ?? null,
+    grantedScopes: input.grantedScopes ?? [],
+  });
+  const row = await getServiceById(id);
+  if (!row) throw new Error("Failed to load just-linked service");
+  return row;
+}
+
+export async function unlink(serviceId: string): Promise<void> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  // Best-effort revoke at the provider before deleting locally.
+  const service = await getServiceById(serviceId);
+  if (service) {
+    const manifest = getManifest(service.provider);
+    if (manifest?.credentialAdapter.revoke && manifest.oauthConfig) {
+      await manifest.credentialAdapter
+        .revoke(service.credentials, manifest.oauthConfig)
+        .catch(() => {
+          // Swallow — local delete proceeds regardless.
+        });
+    }
+  }
+  await db.delete(connectedServices).where(eq(connectedServices.id, serviceId));
+}
+
+export async function unlinkByUserProvider(
+  userId: string,
+  provider: string,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const service = await getService(userId, provider);
+  if (!service) return;
+  await unlink(service.id);
+}
+
+export async function markNeedsRelink(
+  serviceId: string,
+  reason: string,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  await db
+    .update(connectedServices)
+    .set({ status: "needs_relink" })
+    .where(eq(connectedServices.id, serviceId));
+  // Reason is logged but not persisted yet — add a column if/when we surface it in UI.
+  console.warn(`[connected-services] ${serviceId} flipped to needs_relink: ${reason}`);
+}
+
+export async function updateGrantedScopes(
+  serviceId: string,
+  grantedScopes: string[],
+): Promise<void> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  await db
+    .update(connectedServices)
+    .set({ grantedScopes })
+    .where(eq(connectedServices.id, serviceId));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// withFreshCredentials — the chokepoint
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Loads the connection, refreshes credentials if expired, calls fn with the
+// fresh credentials. On a NeedsRelinkError from the adapter, flips the
+// connection to needs_relink and re-throws so the caller can surface a
+// re-link prompt.
+//
+// Capability adapters use this exclusively — they never read the
+// credentials JSONB directly.
+export async function withFreshCredentials<T>(
+  serviceId: string,
+  fn: (credentials: unknown) => Promise<T>,
+): Promise<T> {
+  const service = await getServiceById(serviceId);
+  if (!service) throw new Error(`Connected service ${serviceId} not found`);
+  if (service.status !== "active") {
+    throw new ConnectionNotActiveError(service.status);
+  }
+
+  const manifest = getManifest(service.provider);
+  if (!manifest) {
+    throw new Error(`No manifest registered for provider ${service.provider}`);
+  }
+  const adapter = manifest.credentialAdapter;
+
+  let creds = service.credentials;
+  if (adapter.isExpired(creds)) {
+    if (!manifest.oauthConfig && service.credentialKind === "oauth") {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Provider ${service.provider} has no oauthConfig; cannot refresh`,
+      );
+    }
+    try {
+      creds = await adapter.refresh(creds, manifest.oauthConfig!);
+      const db = getDb();
+      await db
+        .update(connectedServices)
+        .set({ credentials: creds })
+        .where(eq(connectedServices.id, serviceId));
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof NeedsRelinkError) {
+        await markNeedsRelink(serviceId, err.reason);
+      }
+      throw err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return fn(creds);
+}
+
+// Build a CapabilityContext bound to a service id. Capability adapters
+// receive this from the route handler / job that invoked them.
+export function capabilityContextFor(serviceId: string): CapabilityContext {
+  return {
+    serviceId,
+    withFreshCredentials: (fn) => withFreshCredentials(serviceId, fn),
+  };
+}
diff --git a/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/registry.ts b/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/registry.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4146589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/registry.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Provider registry. Each provider lives in providers/<name>/ with a
+// manifest.ts that declares its credential_kind and capability adapters.
+// Adding a provider is one new directory plus one import line below.
+//
+// See docs/adr/0002 (no unified SyncProvider interface; capabilities are
+// separate seams) and CONTEXT.md (Connected Services).
+
+import type {
+  CredentialAdapter,
+  CredentialKind,
+  ProviderOAuthConfig,
+} from "./types.ts";
+
+// Capability seams. A provider implements only the subset that applies.
+
+export interface ImportableList {
+  workouts: ImportableWorkout[];
+  total: number;
+  page: number;
+  perPage: number;
+}
+
+export interface ImportableWorkout {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  type: string;
+  startedAt: string;
+  duration: number | null;
+  distance: number | null;
+  fileUrl?: string;
+}
+
+export interface ImportResult {
+  activityId: string;
+  hadGeometry: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface RoutePushInput {
+  routeId: string;
+  routeName: string;
+  description?: string;
+  gpx: string;
+  startLat: number;
+  startLng: number;
+  distance: number;
+  ascent: number;
+  localVersion: number;
+}
+
+export interface RoutePushResult {
+  remoteId: string;
+  // Local route version that was pushed — written into sync_pushes.last_pushed_version
+  // by the caller for idempotency.
+  version: number;
+}
+
+export interface WebhookEvent {
+  eventType: string;
+  providerUserId: string;
+  workoutId: string;
+  fileUrl?: string;
+}
+
+// CapabilityContext gives capability adapters the tools they need without
+// exposing the manager's internals. Adapters call ctx.withFreshCredentials
+// to obtain valid credentials for any provider HTTP call.
+export interface CapabilityContext {
+  serviceId: string;
+  withFreshCredentials<T>(
+    fn: (credentials: unknown) => Promise<T>,
+  ): Promise<T>;
+}
+
+export interface Importer {
+  listImportable(ctx: CapabilityContext, page: number): Promise<ImportableList>;
+  importOne(ctx: CapabilityContext, workoutId: string): Promise<ImportResult>;
+}
+
+export interface RoutePusher {
+  pushRoute(ctx: CapabilityContext, input: RoutePushInput): Promise<RoutePushResult>;
+}
+
+export interface WebhookReceiver {
+  parseWebhook(body: unknown): WebhookEvent | null;
+  handle(event: WebhookEvent): Promise<void>;
+}
+
+export interface ProviderManifest {
+  id: string;
+  displayName: string;
+  credentialKind: CredentialKind;
+  // Per-kind credential adapter. Multiple providers can share the same
+  // adapter (oauth, web-login, device).
+  credentialAdapter: CredentialAdapter;
+  // OAuth-specific config; only required when credentialKind === 'oauth'.
+  oauthConfig?: ProviderOAuthConfig;
+  // OAuth scopes requested at connect time. Wahoo grants all-or-nothing.
+  scopes?: string[];
+  // OAuth authorization URL builder (for the connect flow).
+  buildAuthUrl?: (redirectUri: string, state: string) => string;
+  // OAuth code exchange (for the callback). Returns the credential blob to
+  // store and the granted scopes.
+  exchangeCode?: (
+    code: string,
+    redirectUri: string,
+  ) => Promise<{
+    credentials: unknown;
+    providerUserId: string | null;
+    grantedScopes: string[];
+  }>;
+  // Capability adapters. Each is optional — providers implement only what
+  // they support.
+  importer?: Importer;
+  routePusher?: RoutePusher;
+  webhookReceiver?: WebhookReceiver;
+}
+
+// The registry. Imported manifests are kept in an internal map so callers
+// can look up by provider id. Adding a provider: import its manifest below
+// and add it to PROVIDERS.
+//
+// Manifests are registered at module load via registerManifest() rather
+// than imported directly, so the registry doesn't depend on providers/.
+// Each provider's barrel (providers/<name>/index.ts) calls register at import.
+
+const PROVIDERS: Record<string, ProviderManifest> = {};
+
+export function registerManifest(manifest: ProviderManifest): void {
+  PROVIDERS[manifest.id] = manifest;
+}
+
+export function getManifest(providerId: string): ProviderManifest | null {
+  return PROVIDERS[providerId] ?? null;
+}
+
+export function getAllManifests(): ProviderManifest[] {
+  return Object.values(PROVIDERS);
+}
diff --git a/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/types.ts b/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d614d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Types for the Connected Services architecture. See docs/adr/0001-0003 and
+// CONTEXT.md (Connected Services section).
+
+export type CredentialKind = "oauth" | "web-login" | "device";
+
+export type ConnectionStatus = "active" | "needs_relink" | "revoked";
+
+// OAuth credential blob (stored in connected_services.credentials when
+// credential_kind = 'oauth'). expires_at is an ISO-8601 UTC string so the
+// JSONB blob is round-trip safe; the manager parses it into a Date as needed.
+export interface OAuthCredentials {
+  access_token: string;
+  refresh_token: string;
+  expires_at: string;
+}
+
+// web-login (Komoot) and device (Apple Health) blob shapes will be defined
+// alongside their respective consumer changes. The kinds are reserved here
+// so the manager can switch on them without a follow-up enum migration.
+export type Credentials = OAuthCredentials | Record<string, unknown>;
+
+export interface ConnectedService {
+  id: string;
+  userId: string;
+  provider: string;
+  credentialKind: CredentialKind;
+  credentials: Credentials;
+  status: ConnectionStatus;
+  providerUserId: string | null;
+  grantedScopes: string[];
+  createdAt: Date;
+}
+
+// Returned by CredentialAdapter.refresh when the credential is permanently
+// invalid (e.g. revoked refresh token). Manager flips the connection's
+// status to 'needs_relink' and surfaces this to callers.
+export class NeedsRelinkError extends Error {
+  reason: string;
+  constructor(reason: string) {
+    super(`Connection needs relinking: ${reason}`);
+    this.name = "NeedsRelinkError";
+    this.reason = reason;
+  }
+}
+
+// CredentialAdapter is implemented per credential_kind. The adapter owns
+// the credential lifecycle for that kind — nothing else.
+export interface CredentialAdapter<C extends Credentials = Credentials> {
+  // Returns refreshed credentials, or throws NeedsRelinkError on permanent
+  // failure. Implementations should be idempotent w.r.t. already-fresh
+  // credentials (callers may invoke even when not strictly expired).
+  refresh(credentials: C, providerConfig: ProviderOAuthConfig): Promise<C>;
+  // Best-effort revocation at the provider's end on unlink. Failures
+  // should be swallowed by the caller — the local row is deleted regardless.
+  revoke?(credentials: C, providerConfig: ProviderOAuthConfig): Promise<void>;
+  // Returns true if the credential is expired (or close enough that the
+  // caller should refresh before using it). Manager calls this from
+  // withFreshCredentials.
+  isExpired(credentials: C): boolean;
+}
+
+// OAuth-specific config carried on the provider manifest. Used by the oauth
+// CredentialAdapter to build refresh requests without hard-coding Wahoo URLs.
+export interface ProviderOAuthConfig {
+  tokenUrl: string;
+  clientId: string;
+  clientSecret: string;
+  // Optional revoke endpoint (e.g. Wahoo's DELETE /v1/permissions). When
+  // absent, revoke is a no-op.
+  revokeUrl?: string;
+}
+
+// Thrown when withFreshCredentials is called against a connection whose
+// status is not 'active'. Caller should surface a re-link prompt.
+export class ConnectionNotActiveError extends Error {
+  status: ConnectionStatus;
+  constructor(status: ConnectionStatus) {
+    super(`Connection status is ${status}; cannot use until re-linked`);
+    this.name = "ConnectionNotActiveError";
+    this.status = status;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/journal/app/lib/sync/connections.server.ts b/apps/journal/app/lib/sync/connections.server.ts
index 4337fcf..0067491 100644
--- a/apps/journal/app/lib/sync/connections.server.ts
+++ b/apps/journal/app/lib/sync/connections.server.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,59 @@
+// COMPATIBILITY SHIM — translates the legacy TokenSet-shaped API onto the
+// new connected_services / JSONB-credentials schema introduced by
+// deepen-connected-services. Once the routes and pushes.server.ts migrate
+// to ConnectedServiceManager (tasks 5.x of the change), this whole file
+// (and the rest of apps/journal/app/lib/sync/) goes away.
+//
+// Do not add new callers. Use apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/
+// directly.
+
 import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
 import { eq, and } from "drizzle-orm";
 import { getDb } from "../db.ts";
-import { syncConnections } from "@trails-cool/db/schema/journal";
+import { connectedServices } from "@trails-cool/db/schema/journal";
 import type { TokenSet } from "./types.ts";
 
+interface OAuthBlob {
+  access_token: string;
+  refresh_token: string;
+  expires_at: string;
+}
+
+interface LegacyConnection {
+  id: string;
+  userId: string;
+  provider: string;
+  accessToken: string;
+  refreshToken: string;
+  expiresAt: Date;
+  providerUserId: string | null;
+  grantedScopes: string[];
+  createdAt: Date;
+}
+
+function toLegacy(row: typeof connectedServices.$inferSelect): LegacyConnection {
+  const blob = row.credentials as OAuthBlob;
+  return {
+    id: row.id,
+    userId: row.userId,
+    provider: row.provider,
+    accessToken: blob.access_token,
+    refreshToken: blob.refresh_token,
+    expiresAt: new Date(blob.expires_at),
+    providerUserId: row.providerUserId,
+    grantedScopes: row.grantedScopes,
+    createdAt: row.createdAt,
+  };
+}
+
+function toBlob(tokens: TokenSet): OAuthBlob {
+  return {
+    access_token: tokens.accessToken,
+    refresh_token: tokens.refreshToken,
+    expires_at: tokens.expiresAt.toISOString(),
+  };
+}
+
 export async function saveConnection(
   userId: string,
   provider: string,
@@ -11,60 +61,67 @@ export async function saveConnection(
   grantedScopes: string[] = [],
 ) {
   const db = getDb();
-  // Upsert: delete existing connection for this user+provider, then insert
   await db
-    .delete(syncConnections)
-    .where(and(eq(syncConnections.userId, userId), eq(syncConnections.provider, provider)));
-  await db.insert(syncConnections).values({
+    .delete(connectedServices)
+    .where(
+      and(eq(connectedServices.userId, userId), eq(connectedServices.provider, provider)),
+    );
+  await db.insert(connectedServices).values({
     id: randomUUID(),
     userId,
     provider,
-    accessToken: tokens.accessToken,
-    refreshToken: tokens.refreshToken,
-    expiresAt: tokens.expiresAt,
+    credentialKind: "oauth",
+    credentials: toBlob(tokens),
+    status: "active",
     providerUserId: tokens.providerUserId ?? null,
     grantedScopes,
   });
 }
 
-export async function getConnection(userId: string, provider: string) {
+export async function getConnection(
+  userId: string,
+  provider: string,
+): Promise<LegacyConnection | null> {
   const db = getDb();
-  const [conn] = await db
+  const [row] = await db
     .select()
-    .from(syncConnections)
-    .where(and(eq(syncConnections.userId, userId), eq(syncConnections.provider, provider)));
-  return conn ?? null;
-}
-
-export async function getConnectionByProviderUser(provider: string, providerUserId: string) {
-  const db = getDb();
-  const [conn] = await db
-    .select()
-    .from(syncConnections)
+    .from(connectedServices)
     .where(
-      and(eq(syncConnections.provider, provider), eq(syncConnections.providerUserId, providerUserId)),
+      and(eq(connectedServices.userId, userId), eq(connectedServices.provider, provider)),
     );
-  return conn ?? null;
+  return row ? toLegacy(row) : null;
 }
 
-export async function updateTokens(
-  connectionId: string,
-  tokens: TokenSet,
-) {
+export async function getConnectionByProviderUser(
+  provider: string,
+  providerUserId: string,
+): Promise<LegacyConnection | null> {
+  const db = getDb();
+  const [row] = await db
+    .select()
+    .from(connectedServices)
+    .where(
+      and(
+        eq(connectedServices.provider, provider),
+        eq(connectedServices.providerUserId, providerUserId),
+      ),
+    );
+  return row ? toLegacy(row) : null;
+}
+
+export async function updateTokens(connectionId: string, tokens: TokenSet) {
   const db = getDb();
   await db
-    .update(syncConnections)
-    .set({
-      accessToken: tokens.accessToken,
-      refreshToken: tokens.refreshToken,
-      expiresAt: tokens.expiresAt,
-    })
-    .where(eq(syncConnections.id, connectionId));
+    .update(connectedServices)
+    .set({ credentials: toBlob(tokens) })
+    .where(eq(connectedServices.id, connectionId));
 }
 
 export async function deleteConnection(userId: string, provider: string) {
   const db = getDb();
   await db
-    .delete(syncConnections)
-    .where(and(eq(syncConnections.userId, userId), eq(syncConnections.provider, provider)));
+    .delete(connectedServices)
+    .where(
+      and(eq(connectedServices.userId, userId), eq(connectedServices.provider, provider)),
+    );
 }
diff --git a/apps/journal/app/routes/settings.connections.tsx b/apps/journal/app/routes/settings.connections.tsx
index db046df..e11e9ac 100644
--- a/apps/journal/app/routes/settings.connections.tsx
+++ b/apps/journal/app/routes/settings.connections.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { eq } from "drizzle-orm";
 import type { Route } from "./+types/settings.connections";
 import { getSessionUser } from "~/lib/auth.server";
 import { getDb } from "~/lib/db";
-import { syncConnections } from "@trails-cool/db/schema/journal";
+import { connectedServices } from "@trails-cool/db/schema/journal";
 import { getAllProviders } from "~/lib/sync/registry";
 
 const KNOWN_ERRORS = ["too_many_tokens", "sync_failed", "generic"] as const;
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ export async function loader({ request }: Route.LoaderArgs) {
   const db = getDb();
   const connections = await db
     .select({
-      provider: syncConnections.provider,
-      providerUserId: syncConnections.providerUserId,
+      provider: connectedServices.provider,
+      providerUserId: connectedServices.providerUserId,
     })
-    .from(syncConnections)
-    .where(eq(syncConnections.userId, user.id));
+    .from(connectedServices)
+    .where(eq(connectedServices.userId, user.id));
 
   const providers = getAllProviders().map((p) => {
     const conn = connections.find((c) => c.provider === p.id);
diff --git a/openspec/changes/deepen-connected-services/tasks.md b/openspec/changes/deepen-connected-services/tasks.md
index d5a4d38..7558d6e 100644
--- a/openspec/changes/deepen-connected-services/tasks.md
+++ b/openspec/changes/deepen-connected-services/tasks.md
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 ## 1. Database migration
 
-- [ ] 1.1 Update Drizzle schema in `packages/db/src/schema/journal.ts`: rename `syncConnections` table to `connectedServices`, add `credentialKind` (text, NOT NULL) and `credentials` (jsonb, NOT NULL) and `status` (text, NOT NULL DEFAULT `'active'` with CHECK constraint for `active | needs_relink | revoked`); drop `accessToken`, `refreshToken`, `expiresAt`.
-- [ ] 1.2 Generate migration via `pnpm db:generate`; hand-edit if needed so backfill runs in the same transaction as the column adds (`UPDATE connected_services SET credential_kind = 'oauth', credentials = jsonb_build_object('access_token', access_token, 'refresh_token', refresh_token, 'expires_at', expires_at)`), then drop the old columns.
+- [x] 1.1 Update Drizzle schema in `packages/db/src/schema/journal.ts`: rename `syncConnections` table to `connectedServices`, add `credentialKind` (text, NOT NULL) and `credentials` (jsonb, NOT NULL) and `status` (text, NOT NULL DEFAULT `'active'` with CHECK constraint for `active | needs_relink | revoked`); drop `accessToken`, `refreshToken`, `expiresAt`.
+- [x] 1.2 Generate migration via `pnpm db:generate`; hand-edit if needed so backfill runs in the same transaction as the column adds (`UPDATE connected_services SET credential_kind = 'oauth', credentials = jsonb_build_object('access_token', access_token, 'refresh_token', refresh_token, 'expires_at', expires_at)`), then drop the old columns.
 - [ ] 1.3 Verify the migration on a local database with seeded Wahoo connection rows; verify the inverse rollback restores the columns from JSONB.
-- [ ] 1.4 Update FK references in `sync_imports` and `sync_pushes` if any reference the table name (likely none — both reference `users` / `routes`, not connections).
+- [x] 1.4 Update FK references in `sync_imports` and `sync_pushes` if any reference the table name (likely none — both reference `users` / `routes`, not connections).
 
 ## 2. ConnectedServiceManager + OAuth CredentialAdapter
 
-- [ ] 2.1 Create `apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/types.ts` with `ConnectedService` record type, `CredentialKind`, `Credentials` (discriminated union per kind), `NeedsRelink` error class, `Status` enum.
-- [ ] 2.2 Create `apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/credential-adapters/oauth.ts` implementing `CredentialAdapter` with `refresh(creds, providerConfig) → Credentials | NeedsRelink` and optional `revoke`.
-- [ ] 2.3 Create `apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/manager.ts` exposing `link / unlink / withFreshCredentials / markNeedsRelink`. Persistence via Drizzle on the `connectedServices` table.
-- [ ] 2.4 Write `manager.test.ts`: in-memory tests with stub `CredentialAdapter` covering refresh-on-expired, refresh-fails-→-needs_relink, link/unlink, markNeedsRelink, status short-circuit.
-- [ ] 2.5 Write `credential-adapters/oauth.test.ts`: contract tests against a mocked token endpoint (refresh success, refresh 4xx → NeedsRelink).
+- [x] 2.1 Create `apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/types.ts` with `ConnectedService` record type, `CredentialKind`, `Credentials` (discriminated union per kind), `NeedsRelink` error class, `Status` enum.
+- [x] 2.2 Create `apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/credential-adapters/oauth.ts` implementing `CredentialAdapter` with `refresh(creds, providerConfig) → Credentials | NeedsRelink` and optional `revoke`.
+- [x] 2.3 Create `apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/manager.ts` exposing `link / unlink / withFreshCredentials / markNeedsRelink`. Persistence via Drizzle on the `connectedServices` table.
+- [x] 2.4 Write `manager.test.ts`: in-memory tests with stub `CredentialAdapter` covering refresh-on-expired, refresh-fails-→-needs_relink, link/unlink, markNeedsRelink, status short-circuit.
+- [x] 2.5 Write `credential-adapters/oauth.test.ts`: contract tests against a mocked token endpoint (refresh success, refresh 4xx → NeedsRelink).
 
 ## 3. Provider manifest + registry
 
-- [ ] 3.1 Create `apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/registry.ts` and `types.ts` capability interfaces (`Importer`, `RoutePusher`, `WebhookReceiver`, `ProviderManifest`).
+- [x] 3.1 Create `apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/registry.ts` and `types.ts` capability interfaces (`Importer`, `RoutePusher`, `WebhookReceiver`, `ProviderManifest`).
 - [ ] 3.2 Create `apps/journal/app/lib/connected-services/providers/wahoo/manifest.ts` declaring `credentialKind: 'oauth'`, OAuth config (auth URL, token URL, scopes), and references to capability adapters.
 - [ ] 3.3 Wire `providers/registry.ts` to import the Wahoo manifest. Expose `getManifest(providerId)` and `getAllManifests()`.
 
diff --git a/packages/db/migrations/0002_connected_services.sql b/packages/db/migrations/0002_connected_services.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a02645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/db/migrations/0002_connected_services.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+-- Data migration for the deepen-connected-services change.
+--
+-- Why this lives outside drizzle-kit push:
+-- We're (a) renaming `sync_connections` → `connected_services`, (b) collapsing
+-- the OAuth-shaped columns (access_token, refresh_token, expires_at) into a
+-- polymorphic `credentials` JSONB blob discriminated by `credential_kind`,
+-- and (c) adding a `status` column. drizzle-kit push would happily DROP the
+-- old columns before we backfill, losing every active Wahoo connection.
+--
+-- This script reshapes the table into the new layout BEFORE drizzle-kit push
+-- diffs against the schema. After it runs, drizzle-kit push has nothing left
+-- to do for this table.
+--
+-- Idempotent: safe to run before every deploy.
+
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+  -- 1. Rename table if it still has the old name.
+  IF EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM information_schema.tables
+    WHERE table_schema = 'journal' AND table_name = 'sync_connections'
+  ) THEN
+    ALTER TABLE journal.sync_connections RENAME TO connected_services;
+  END IF;
+
+  -- Bail out if the renamed table doesn't exist yet (fresh DB; drizzle-kit
+  -- push will create connected_services directly from the schema).
+  IF NOT EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM information_schema.tables
+    WHERE table_schema = 'journal' AND table_name = 'connected_services'
+  ) THEN
+    RETURN;
+  END IF;
+
+  -- 2. Add the new columns (nullable initially so backfill can populate them).
+  ALTER TABLE journal.connected_services
+    ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS credential_kind text,
+    ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS credentials jsonb,
+    ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS status text;
+
+  -- 3. Backfill from old token columns if they still exist. Existing rows are
+  --    all OAuth (Wahoo), so credential_kind = 'oauth' and the JSONB blob
+  --    holds {access_token, refresh_token, expires_at}.
+  IF EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM information_schema.columns
+    WHERE table_schema = 'journal'
+      AND table_name = 'connected_services'
+      AND column_name = 'access_token'
+  ) THEN
+    UPDATE journal.connected_services
+    SET credential_kind = 'oauth',
+        credentials = jsonb_build_object(
+          'access_token', access_token,
+          'refresh_token', refresh_token,
+          'expires_at', to_char(expires_at AT TIME ZONE 'UTC', 'YYYY-MM-DD"T"HH24:MI:SS"Z"')
+        ),
+        status = COALESCE(status, 'active')
+    WHERE credential_kind IS NULL;
+  END IF;
+
+  -- 4. Set NOT NULL on the new columns now that they're populated.
+  ALTER TABLE journal.connected_services
+    ALTER COLUMN credential_kind SET NOT NULL,
+    ALTER COLUMN credentials SET NOT NULL,
+    ALTER COLUMN status SET NOT NULL;
+
+  -- 5. CHECK constraints. Drop-then-add for idempotency.
+  ALTER TABLE journal.connected_services
+    DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS connected_services_credential_kind_check;
+  ALTER TABLE journal.connected_services
+    ADD CONSTRAINT connected_services_credential_kind_check
+    CHECK (credential_kind IN ('oauth', 'web-login', 'device'));
+
+  ALTER TABLE journal.connected_services
+    DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS connected_services_status_check;
+  ALTER TABLE journal.connected_services
+    ADD CONSTRAINT connected_services_status_check
+    CHECK (status IN ('active', 'needs_relink', 'revoked'));
+
+  -- 6. Default for status (so future inserts that omit it get 'active').
+  ALTER TABLE journal.connected_services
+    ALTER COLUMN status SET DEFAULT 'active';
+
+  -- 7. Unique (user_id, provider) — the spec invariant "at most one row per
+  --    (user, provider)" was previously enforced only at the application
+  --    layer. Lift it into the DB.
+  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS connected_services_user_provider_unique
+    ON journal.connected_services (user_id, provider);
+END $$;
diff --git a/packages/db/src/schema/journal.ts b/packages/db/src/schema/journal.ts
index 1462d3f..d6074e4 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/schema/journal.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/schema/journal.ts
@@ -186,27 +186,42 @@ export const oauthTokens = journalSchema.table("oauth_tokens", {
   createdAt: timestamp("created_at", { withTimezone: true }).notNull().defaultNow(),
 });
 
-export const syncConnections = journalSchema.table("sync_connections", {
-  id: text("id").primaryKey(),
-  userId: text("user_id")
-    .notNull()
-    .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
-  provider: text("provider").notNull(),
-  accessToken: text("access_token").notNull(),
-  refreshToken: text("refresh_token").notNull(),
-  expiresAt: timestamp("expires_at", { withTimezone: true }).notNull(),
-  providerUserId: text("provider_user_id"),
-  // Scopes the user actually granted at OAuth time. Wahoo doesn't return a
-  // scope field in token responses and grants scopes all-or-nothing, so we
-  // record the requested scope set on exchangeCode. Used to detect when an
-  // existing connection predates a scope upgrade (e.g. routes_write) and
-  // needs a re-auth before a new push call can succeed.
-  grantedScopes: text("granted_scopes")
-    .array()
-    .notNull()
-    .default(sql`ARRAY[]::text[]`),
-  createdAt: timestamp("created_at", { withTimezone: true }).notNull().defaultNow(),
-});
+// External-service connections (OAuth, web-login, mobile-paired devices).
+// `credential_kind` discriminates the shape of `credentials` JSONB:
+//   - 'oauth':     { access_token, refresh_token, expires_at }
+//   - 'web-login': { email, encrypted_password, session_jar }   (Komoot, future)
+//   - 'device':    {}                                            (Apple Health, future)
+// See docs/adr/0001 and CONTEXT.md (Connected Services).
+export const connectedServices = journalSchema.table(
+  "connected_services",
+  {
+    id: text("id").primaryKey(),
+    userId: text("user_id")
+      .notNull()
+      .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
+    provider: text("provider").notNull(),
+    credentialKind: text("credential_kind").notNull(),
+    credentials: jsonb("credentials").notNull(),
+    // 'active' | 'needs_relink' | 'revoked'. Manager flips to 'needs_relink'
+    // when CredentialAdapter.refresh returns a permanent failure.
+    status: text("status").notNull().default("active"),
+    providerUserId: text("provider_user_id"),
+    // OAuth-only. Promoted out of the credentials JSONB because feature gates
+    // (e.g. routes_write check on push) read this on every call.
+    grantedScopes: text("granted_scopes")
+      .array()
+      .notNull()
+      .default(sql`ARRAY[]::text[]`),
+    createdAt: timestamp("created_at", { withTimezone: true }).notNull().defaultNow(),
+  },
+  (t) => ({
+    userProviderUnique: uniqueIndex("connected_services_user_provider_unique").on(
+      t.userId,
+      t.provider,
+    ),
+  }),
+);
+
 
 export const syncImports = journalSchema.table("sync_imports", {
   id: text("id").primaryKey(),